Intercal: This was the first esoteric programming language developed in 1972. It was developed by Donald R.Woods and James M.Lyon with the aim of making a language that was not similar to any other language. Most common operations in other languages have
cryptic and redundant syntax in INTERCAL. Its reference manual consists of numerous paradoxical, nonsensical or humorous instructions that include “Caution! Under no circumstances confuse the mesh with the interleave operator, except under confusing circumstances!”
Whitespace: This was developed in 2002 by Edwin Brady and Chris Morris. It utilises only whitespace characters as syntax hence just spaces, tabs and linefeeds contain meaning. The unique feature of whitespace is that it does not take into account any non-whitespace characters which other programs generally do.
Chef: This is developed by David Morgan in March 2002. The programs appear like cooking recipes in these programs. The variables are named after basic food items, the stacks are named mixing bowls or baking dishes and the instructions for using them are mix, stir, etc. As per Chef Home Page, its design basics say that program recipes –
-Must not only produce a valid output but can be prepared easily and be delicious.
-Can be attractive for cooks with varied budgets.
-Will be metric but may make use of traditional cooking medium like cups and tablespoons.
Velato: This makes use of MIDI files as source code. Velato programs are intended to permit flexibility in composition such that functional programs do not appear like random notes. Its statements start with a command root and intervals from this note are interpreted into commands and expressions. It permits for changes in the command root amidst statements for permitting more musical progressions.
Shakespeare: This was created by Aslund and Karl Hasselstrom. It was created to make programs seem to look other than programs, like Shakespearean plays. The first line of this program is known as the “title” and behaves like a comment. It has a Dramatis Personae section which has the variables declared. Each variable name should be the name of a character from Shakespeare play.
Omgrofl: This language was developed in 2006 by Jurag Borza. It consists of keywords that appear like Internet slang. Its name emanates from the combination of a slang “words” omg and rofl. Rofl is one of its commands. The language is not case sensitive. Variables in this language should be form of the slang word like lol, lool, etc.
Piet: This language has programs in the form of bitmap graphics that appear similar to abstract art. It is created by David Morgan-Mar, the maker of Chef. The program is named after geometric abstract art pioneer, Piet Mondrian as Mondrian, was already taken. It consists of 20 colors for which behavior have been set. These include 18 ‘colorful colors’ consisting of six step hue cycle and a 3-step brightness cycle and black and white which don’t get ordered.
Befunge: In this programs are arranged in a two-dimensional grid known as the playfield. It was designed in 1993 by Chris Pressey with the aim of being as difficult a compilation as possible. It was aimed at implementation of self-modifying cycle and a multi-dimensional playfield.
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